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From the red-light districts in Ciudad Juárez to remote villages hidden away in the mountains of Chihuahua comes a tale of one of the darkest crimes to be recorded in the history of humankind. If I Die in Juárez traces the lives of three young women—Evita, a street child; Petra, a maquiladora worker; and Mayela, a Tarahumara Indian girl—who together uncover Juárez’s forbidden secret: the abduction and murder of young women. Bound together by blood, honor, an ancient chant, and a mysterious photo, the girls bring the murderous streets of Juárez to life.
Based on the author’s interviews with relatives of murdered women, If I Die in Juárez is brilliantly crafted to give readers the experience of walking in the shoes of women who daily risk being abducted and murdered in the “capital city of murdered women,” joining thousands of others who for more than a decade have disappeared from Juárez, las desaparecidas, brutally murdered by assassins who have gone unpunished. The agony of one of the darkest tales in human history brings to light a strange hope, illusive yet constant, resisting lies, betrayal, and the desert’s silent sentence of death.
Read an in-depth review of If I Die in Juárez here or click here for a study guide. If I Die in Juárez was also reviewed on KNAU's Southwest Book Review program. Listen here!
- Sales Rank: #960840 in Books
- Brand: Brand: University of Arizona Press
- Published on: 2008-03-27
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .90" w x 6.00" l, .95 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 352 pages
- Stella Pope Duarte
- Mexican fiction
- fiction
From Publishers Weekly
Human rights activist Duarte's latest novel is based on a string of real-life murders in Ciudad Juárez in the 1990s. Forced out of the house by her alcoholic mother, 13-year-old Evita takes to the streets, glimpsing newspaper columns about the murders, while struggling to survive. Petra, Evita's comely 19-year-old cousin, exchanges the country life for gritty Juárez to raise money for her ailing father. An acquaintance of Petra, Mayela, a 12-year-old Tarahumara Indian, lives in an orphanage where her artistic talent is discovered. Over the course of the novel, the girls are stripped of their childhoods and face grotesque realities that stalk the streets, even under the guise of protection. After a chance encounter reunites the girls, they must work together before one of their own becomes a victim. Duarte's writing is laced with anguish and desperation and brings to life the grime and sleaze of Juárez. (Mar.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Review
"Duarte's writing is laced with anguish and desperation and brings to life the grime and sleaze of Juárez." —Publishers Weekly
"Brilliantly and powerfully told by a superb storyteller and human rights activist. The saga of her three brave women characters walking through fire, hatred, greed and human depravity, holding a torch of hope and transformation in their path is unforgettable." —Multicultural Review
“The result of Duarte’s research, creativity and passion is a novel that is as stunning as it is heart-rending.” —El Paso Times
About the Author
Stella Pope Duarte is the author of Fragile Night and Let Their Spirits Dance. She has twice been awarded a creative writing fellowship from the Arizona Commission on the Arts and is the recipient of the 2003 Arizona Highways Fiction Award. Inspired to become a writer by a prophetic dream about her father, Stella Pope Duarte lives in Phoenix, where she writes and works as an educational consultant and human rights advocate.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
very readable
By Tammy Maitland
I have been to Juarez several times now- 5 times to volunteer with a group and 1 time to visit with a friend- and have become very interested in the femicides there. The first character introduced in the story is Evita, the street child, and my first impression of the book was that it was going to be too depressing to read (it seemed that maybe the author was purposely making Evita's story extra horrific, though it sadly could be an accurate/common experience). However, once I got a little further into the book and the other characters' stories were woven in, I became engrossed and couldn't put the book down. The author is an excellent story teller- I felt a real connection to the characters. I like how she informs readers of the situation in Juarez through three different perspectives. I highly recommend this book. and hope many people read it. Though the book is fiction, femicides are all too real in Juarez and women and their loved ones are living in fear.
11 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
*** SPOILER*** Profound Topic, Flawed Execution, Terrible Conclusion
By R. Borneman
If I Die in Juarez: A novel by Stella Pope Duarte
**** SPOILER ALERT - Plot Points and Ending Revealed*****
Duarte's 2008 novel about the murders in Juarez illustrates both the advantages and liabilities of using the novel as a form through which to explore critical social issues. Certainly, one of the greatest advantages the novel has over academic publication is its ability to reach a mass audience. Furthermore, a familiarity with the subject and events dealt with in the novel is not necessary: Duarte creates a self-sufficient realm through which readers from many different cultures can access the material without significant impediments to understanding.
Invoking the same vividness with which she captures the sense of life on the garbage-heaps of Juarez, descriptions of the life of sex-trade workers comes across quite convincingly in Duarte's work. Duarte gives us glimpses into the motives of various girls to enter and perpetuate the sex-trade, ranging from poverty, to a need for a mother, to an addiction to drugs, to taking advantage of a business opportunity. Less nuanced are the sexual motivations of the men who seek out these girls. In Duarte's vision, they are nearly uniformly interested in getting lots of virginal [expletive deleted] (Agustín, Ricardo, Chano, and most of the men in the street). There are exceptions in which men seek sexual relations with women over the age of 22, but these still are drawn as caricatures of uncontrollable libidos and lusts for power (Maclovio, Narciso, and Sebastian). Some men are portrayed as purely murderous sadists (Zocotl, Cucuy, Hilo). The more decent men are emasculated and do not have sex at all (Antonio, Luis, Jorge), or they are too old to have sex (Estevan, Prospero) or are given little explanation as to their sexual motivations (repeat client Reynaldo, pedophile Harry). The book is strongly heterosexually oriented with the only same-sex relations mentioned being the attraction Evita has for Cristal (179) and the pejorative language used against Nico (292) and Hilo (301). Hetero-normativity triumphs in the end with the consummation of several marriages (326 - 327).
To her credit, Duarte does not paint all women as hapless and innocent victims of men. Quite the contrary, she illustrates how women can become the primary antagonists against other women, particularly in the competitive nature of the sex trade and in the context of maquiladora promotion-seeking. Plenty of the female characters are just as nasty, in their own way, as the awful men portrayed in the book: Brisa, the abusive sex-crazed mother; Amapola, the vicious gossip; Cina, desperate to get laid; avaricious Juana del Pilar; or even the manipulative, motherly madame, Isidora.
Another benefit of adopting the novel form is that Duarte is able to take on multiple points of view through which to explore nuances of the issues surrounding the murder of the maquiladora women of Juarez. Initially Duarte makes superb use of this freedom - providing us with perspectives from the points of view of a 14-year old prostitute (Evita), an eighteen year old girl from the countryside (Petra), and a Tarahumara Indian girl (Mayela). Ultimately, however, this poly-perspectival narrative approach collapses as Duarte reduces the prostitute to a redeemed and oversimplified florist, and causes the Tarahumara girl to vanish completely. Instead our focus is channeled through the vision of the innocent country girl come-to-the-big-bad-city. This might have been bearable had the character of Petra been much more than a stereotypical projection of a rural ingénue, but the painfully trite dialogue and sentiments expressed through her character made her the least compelling of the three major heroines, for me.
Duarte's adoption of the novel also seems highly appropriate as a means to explore a social concern which, as has been noted on the back cover blurb, has not been addressed adequately by either the journalistic, academic, or judicial enquiry. Unfortunately, rather than provide an open-ended forum through which to explore multiple possible interpretations of the murders, Duarte sides with one particular hypothesis (and an oversimplified one at that), and throws all her energy into explicating it alone. This particular hypothesis gained considerable public attention in 2002 when the federal deputy attorney general in Mexico City, Jorge Campos Murillo, made allegations that the murders were done by young, very rich Mexicans (thus explaining why they were not prosecuted). Campos Murillo was forced to resign his post, but his (legally unsubstantiated) accusation settled in the popular memory of the murders, and ultimately became the wellspring of Duarte's thesis. Diana Washington Valdez, an investigative reporter for the El Paso Times, had covered the murders for several years when she wrote her 2003 book Harvest of Women. In it, Washington Valdez contends that the killings were part of a circuit of parties hosted by prominent Juarez citizens, and that the trained assassins originated in the U.S.-backed anti-leftist politics of the cold-war. While Duarte may continue to carry the torch for the notion of the circuit parties, she has substituted political motivations with personal depravities, thus deflating considerable potential for her work to function as social activism.
Duarte's uneven mix of fact and fiction creates odd disturbances throughout her work. (if only she had provided readers with a factually-based introduction or conclusion...) The gang, Los Rebeldes (156 - 157) did in fact exist and many of its members were arrested for the murders of las maquiladoras in the spring of 1996. The character of murder victim Anita Barbara Ozuna did not exist, however. The unusual frequency (8 times) of reference to this unseen character's name (278 - 280, 286 - 288, 295, 301) made it seem, however, as if she were one of the actual, historical victims that Duarte was singling out for special attention - in fact, she is a fictional creation. In another example of mixing fact and fiction, Marisela Treviño Orta's 2008 play, "Braided Sorrow" ultimately places the blame for the murders on NAFTA. Although it no doubt facilitated the exponential growth of the maquiladoras, Orta's play fails to account for the fact that NAFTA did not take effect until 1994, although the murders began in 1993. Similar to Orta, Duarte places blame on NAFTA for the destruction of the Mexican farm economy, but has a character incorrectly imply its passage in 1992 (39), when, in fact, it was still to come.
Perhaps most disturbing of all is the suggestion in the novel that the assassination of Agustín (324) brought about a sort of karmic justice. Duarte's novel was published in 2008. The events of the novel take place between 1995 and 1996. Since 2003, however, 100 more murdered women have appeared in the wastelands surrounding Juarez. If Agustín (or someone like him) had been the culprit, and he had been killed, why did the murders continue? This same problem has haunted not only Duarte's work, but all investigations into the Juarez maquiladora murders. Michael Newton's account charts the way in which, Abdel Latif Sharif, an Egyptian immigrant with a past history of sexual violence and attempted murder in the U.S., was arrested and charged with the murders in 1995. While he was in prison, the murders continued. In 1996 Los Rebeldes were arrested for the murders and were then associated with Sharif. Despite jailing (and torturing) many of them, the murders continued. In 1999 a group of five maquiladora bus drivers were arrested and charged with the murders. While they were incarcerated, the murders continued apace. By 2003 up to as many as 50 male suspects had been arrested for the murders, many of them allegedly tortured into making confessions, several of them killed while in custody. Still, the murders and mutilations have continued.
In the decade from 1993 - 2003, over 300 women were killed, many victims were found having had their right breast severed, and their left nipple bitten off. Despite this seemingly sexual motivation behind the murders, Canadian investigator Candice Skrapec estimated that of the 182 confirmed murders of this decade only 40 - 75 of them had been sexually violated, the rest did not show clear evidence of sexual accost. The focus of Duarte's book, however, is highly personal and sexual. Yet, clearly there are other factors at work, and not merely the sexual violence of one particular pervert (and his henchmen). The entire city of Juarez has descended into a bloodbath of unmitigated violence. Police are assassinated, journalists decapitated, civil rights workers are disappeared, and women continue to be raped and/or mutilated and dumped in the desert. The story of complete social disintegration has actually escaped Duarte's pages. Instead we are left with a faux-redemptive tale in which the victims triumph (by good luck) over the victimizers and justice is restored in the end.
Nothing could be further from the truth of the Juarez murders, whatever that may be.
1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A Journey Worth Taking
By M. Santry
I first heard about the Juarez murders when a friend rented 'Border Town'. I saw this book at a local independent bookstore and the cover caught my attention. Although it's a sad subject, I was drawn into this book and the characters of Petra,Mayela and Evita. Although their lives are hard, the poverty and machismo unbelievable, I rooted for these girls and their journey to hope and peace. The situation in Juarez is an outrage on so many levels but this is a simple book about simple people in believable real situations. The author says "you will walk with the girls'and that is the truth. The horror of life on the border comes off the pages but there is a silver lining. This is a human story of a very real and tragic situation. The girls themselves are the heroes. Gracias Stella Pope Duarte.
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